What is ripple coin

The current digital money has been divorced a lot: some of them are unique, providing users with embarrassment, others like twin brothers. In this breed, an unusual coin called ripple is not actually a cryptocurrency in the traditional sense. Why is it often considered, it is worth investing in - the answer to all the questions in this article. Characteristics of Ripple Encryption Coins The first to today, the main kriptovayutoy is bitcoin, how not to distort, all subsequent coins are similar. Even if they are super unique, even the fact that they work blokcheyne confirms that at least some altkoyin borrowed something from his brother. However, this is not to say Ripple's cryptocurrency - it has nothing to do with the big picture, but operates according to its own protocol. This protocol is based on a distributed registry with open source and working principles and a consensus principle, namely the protocol.

What future for ethereum

Thanks to the rise and explosion of ICO based on various Dapp projects in Ethereum, the Ethereum in 2017 can be said to be infinite, with a large number of developers and venture capital pouring into the Ethereum. However, in the 2018 year of the public chain hegemony, although Ethereum is still sitting on the throne, it seems to have been "a group of wolves."

Shouting out to kill Ethereum instead, there are not only EOS, but also the ADA, AE, ZIL, ONT and so on. Compared with the recent ups and downs of soaring currency prices and propaganda, Ethereum is obviously much lower-key.

But a low profile is not equal to no action. In fact, Ethereum developers, represented by Vitalik, have been very happy to change – compared to the relatively conservative Bitcoin core development team core. Many major changes in the future of Ethereum have already been implemented in the implementation, although the performance of Ethereum cannot be effectively improved in a short time.

Once you understand this, it is equivalent to seeing the development route of Ethereum in the next 2-3 years or even longer. Let the Panda brother come together.

One, Casper FFG and Casper CBC

In October 2017, Ethereum entered its third stage of development: Metropolis. What we are about to meet now is the second half of this phase: "Constantinople", and then to the final stage of the "Serenity".

Do you think that these words sound really good literature like me? However, this is not the point. The point is that, according to the plan, in the “quiet” stage, the consensus mechanism of Ethereum will be completely transformed into PoS.

And Casper, is the implementation of the Ethereum main network consensus algorithm from Proof of Work (POW) to Proof of Stake (POS).

What is blockchain

: Bitcoin uses blockchain technology, but the blockchain is not equivalent to Bitcoin; the whole article is based on Bitcoin's underlying blockchain technology, so some models may not be applicable to Ethereum. In addition, because the article adopts a certain abstract, class-like narrative, there are some places in the middle that are more or less different from the rigorous technical implementation of the blockchain. If you are confused, you can leave a comment or private message below the comment. Discuss together. Finally, it is also limited by the incompleteness of its own knowledge structure. This article will be revised at any time after I have a deeper understanding of the blockchain. The last update time can refer to the timestamp below the answer. In addition, as a popular science article, you can reprint it at will, indicate the source and author of this article, no need to ask for a separate private letter. --- First of all, don't think too much about the blockchain. He is a database storage system that can be operated in different parts of the world. It is different from the traditional database operation. The read and write authority is controlled by a company or a centralized power ( Centralized features), blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up server nodes can participate. Nuggets from all over the world deployed their own nodes and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in the distributed database storage system; once joined, the node has exactly the same rights as all other nodes. And obligations (decentralized, distributed features). At the same time, for those who perform services on the blockchain, they can read and write to any node in the system. Finally, all nodes in the world will be synchronized one by one according to the completion of a certain mechanism. The data of all nodes in the blockchain network is completely consistent.

How does the blockchain shape the future financial industry

The way the blockchain affects the financial industry: Is it a quantitative change in technology upgrades or a qualitative change in market efficiency?

Blockchain technology is gaining popularity around the world, and governments and large financial institutions around the world want to take the lead in this round of technology. Traditional financial institutions, represented by the banking industry in various countries, have conducted in-depth research on blockchain technology overtime.

In what way will blockchain technology affect the traditional financial industry? Is it a quantitative change in technology upgrades or a qualitative change in market changes? Is it a lightning-like "blitzkrieg" or a slow shift step by step? It is the use of cutting-edge technology. Is it a simple commonality to implement more complex transactions or logically simplify the complexities of marketization?

The advent of Bitcoin is undoubtedly the revolution of money. As the currency itself, the legal risk of Bitcoin is of concern to investors and entrepreneurs. The People's Bank of China also made it clear that Bitcoin is a so-called currency calculated by a specific computer program. It is not issued by the monetary authorities. It does not have monetary attributes such as legal and mandatory. It is not a real currency, which makes Bitcoin. The development has been greatly hindered.

However, the blockchain that came out at the same time as Bitcoin has become a hot word in the field of financial technology, attracting the attention of experts, scholars, financial institutions and investors. Many financial institutions have invested in researching this new technology. Sensitive startup entrepreneurs are struggling to seize this opportunity by developing blockchain system control software to build a platform that is safer, faster, more economical, and more transparent than traditional financial intermediaries. Traditional financial service providers and bankers are also in full swing to take advantage of this technology in their main business applications. A game of competition with time, technology entrepreneurs and bankers is going on.

** Why does the blockchain have such a large "magic" that fascinates the industry?**

Blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is a data storage technology that collectively maintains a database through decentralization. In a nutshell, this is a technical way that everyone can participate in bookkeeping. The system sends the individual's books to other people in the system, so that everyone in the system has a complete copy of the data, which makes the data change almost impossible. It is also because of its security that the blockchain provides a reliable solution for the security of the Internet financial system.

In addition to security, the blockchain has many advantages such as high settlement efficiency and low transaction cost. At present, financial institutions use centralized accounting methods. Currency transfer may also involve third-party payment platforms, with many links, long processes, and high transaction costs. The blockchain uses a distributed accounting method, which reduces the transaction process and reduces the transaction cost. At the same time, it also greatly improves the settlement efficiency due to the real-time liquidation of its transactions. In addition, the blockchain can meet audit requirements, and once the data is passed to the blockchain, it cannot be deleted, making the data on the blockchain traceable.

Then, can the blockchain change the financial mechanism from the currency circulation mechanism? The change brought by the blockchain is like “leading to boiling”, using technology upgrades to improve the efficiency of traditional financial enterprises, or is it like “bottoming”, fundamentally Change the status of financial institutions? You can answer this question by comparing the currency distribution channels under the two modes.

blockchain concepts worth knowing

After the last post ("Deep Visiting Currency Circle: Enjoy a Rich Night, You Can Never Forget the Shortcut"), many readers leave a message to tell "Zizi Guangnian", "Distributed System", "Decentralization" Blockchains and encrypted digital currency concepts such as “mining” and “mines” are still unclear.

Today, we invite members of the “Districts” to clarify the concept of blockchain.

"District Small Things" is a blockchain learning group composed of Peking University alumni. Members graduated from the Department of Computer Science and Technology.

The next decade of blockchain: chaos, path and prospects

Since the 2008 Bitcoin white paper published by Nakamoto, the blockchain has been in development for nearly a decade. But in the recent craze of encrypted digital currencies, many people only know Bitcoin and Ethereum, but they don't understand the blockchain.

In fact, various encrypted digital currencies represented by bitcoin are an application of blockchain technology.

Buying coins only for the sake of finding a shortcut to wealth, it is inevitable to become a leek. In group madness, the level of thinking and understanding is always more critical than the number in the account.

The purpose of this paper is not to point to the appreciation of wealth, but to guide cognitive upgrading: to help the blockchain zero-based Xiaobai quickly familiarize with some basic concepts of blockchain technology in the past decade, in order to explore entrepreneurial opportunities in the blockchain field in the next decade. .

Four judgments about blockchain

I believe that everyone has already understood the basic concepts of blockchain technology. For those who feel strange, please refer to the nouns at the end of the article. Starting from these concepts, we have four basic judgments:

First, the subversion of the blockchain is that it solves the problem of humanity of "trust". From a technical point of view, it cannot understand its power.

Some people or groups that don't trust each other have a server, and they can maintain a recognized record when everyone supervises each other and most people follow a consensus agreement—this is enough to open up an infinite imagination.

[blockchain]

A chain of data blocks (ie, blocks) connected by a method in which: in the N+1th block, the hash value of the Nth block is included. Moreover, the chain of such data blocks is stored and maintained by a widely distributed and large number of server nodes. Each server node has a complete copy of the blockchain (ie, the storage of blockchain data is highly redundant). ).

[hash value]

The hash value is also called "digital fingerprint". No matter how much data, after some calculation, you can get a fixed length (for example, 256 bits) hash value; the content of the data is different, the hash value must be different, just like People and people don't have the same fingerprint.

Second, the blockchain's transformation of productivity has a tendency to be overestimated. Putting aside the “coin” that can realize the flow of value, it only considers the transformation of the blockchain to productivity, and its innovation level is far less than artificial intelligence.

The blockchain is actually a distributed database. The content stored in each block is equivalent to the table in the database. The difference between it and the traditional distributed database is:

(1) Participants can join arbitrarily, without permission; leave arbitrarily without affecting system operation

(2) The content of the database is open to all participants

(3) All past transaction data - the database log - never deleted

(4) Highly redundant and highly reliable

(5) Inefficient, requires multiple confirmations to be considered a transaction is really completed

Digital currency is just one of the applications of blockchain technology. From the perspective of database technology, the way of digital currency bookkeeping is not fundamentally different from the way Alipay and WeChat pay for bookkeeping. Bitcoin transactions are still very slow, and large transactions generally have to wait for six confirmations. About 1 hour.

So what are the advantages of digital and digital currency? It is that they achieve a low friction flow of value in the bit world. The legal currency flows in the bit world with great friction. Both the sender and the receiver are bound to the identity of the citizen. There are various limits, and cross-border movement is very difficult. In comparison, the time to wait for a few more confirmations is really a trivial matter. As Dr. Liang Bin said: “The free flow of wealth and unrestricted free flow are the ultimate needs of many rich people. I think this is the core value of digital currency including Bitcoin.”

However, in addition to the application of digital currency, as a blockchain technology of purely trusted database, it seems that the first application is likely to be “trace source”.

For example, Tmall International's global traceability plan mainly uses big data to track the entire link of imported goods through blockchain and drug monitoring code, and achieves the purpose of integrating production, customs clearance, transportation and other aspects. Add "ID card" to each cross-border product.

This type of application can be handled in the same way as a traditional, centralized, and highly reliable database. Therefore, from a productivity perspective, the blockchain only provides incremental progress, and the imagination is not large.

Third, the real imagination of the blockchain is the “decentralization” of the production relationship.

The “decentralization” of production relations has two routes, one is “anarchism” and the other is “de-intermediation”. The discussion will be discussed later from the specific application of the blockchain.

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The following is an article from March, I have written several articles on the inspection of innocent women and girls who occurred during the Sri Lankan Civil War and in the northern part of the island country shrouded in the genocide of the Tamil people followed by horrific crimes. The conflict has been eliminated Most of the resistance, the Tamil Eelam Tigers LTTE - also known as the "Tamil Tigers", and thousands of innocent unarmed civilians who are direct targets.

With the offensive of the massacre sent to the Tamil women, ignoring the reality of the girl's crimes. Humiliation, torture, obscene ways to kill children, and the white flag military leaders were shot, and they surrendered, white van disappeared strike horror Transmitted to the heart of the Tamil. These images prove that human cruel unity is completely beyond the Westerns, its government's imagination, and most importantly, there are opportunities to force changes in national policy like this, practice deadly, for its citizens Massive murder.

Sri Lanka’s mobile station for its own people is a typical example of state terrorism.

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In Australia, Sri Lanka will usher in a series of events to celebrate the 70th anniversary of our establishment of our contemporary relationship. Our strong relationship in the field of education builds on our common history of cooperation dating back to S's early Colombo plan, trade and investment, Sports, culture and development as well as through the Commonwealth we contact.

Our shared interests in the security and sustainable development of the Indian Ocean region. The bilateral relationship continues to strengthen, covering a wide range of issues, including economic and development cooperation, combating smuggling efforts, strong educational links and participation in human rights and reconciliation issues. The Sri Lankan Minister of State for Defense Luwan Wachwardna visited Australia in October to discuss strategic and defense issues and anti-human smuggling cooperation.

The two-way trade in trade and investment links is growing strongly.

Money coding promotes monetary revolution

ICO is the abbreviation of Initial Coin Offering, which, as its name suggests, is a way of raising funds in return for the initial digital cryptocurrency.

ICO is a low-profile popular version of IPO. The ICO is adapted from the term "Initial Public Offering" in the securities industry. In essence, ICO is also a 'public offering', except that the subject matter being issued is converted from securities into digital cryptocurrencies. IPO has a high threshold. For example, the hard indicator of domestic motherboard IPO is 3 years of continuous operation. The accumulated net profit in the last three years exceeded 30 million; the cash flow exceeded 50 million or the revenue exceeded 300 million. ICO has almost no threshold at present. Some projects at home and abroad can rely on a PDF white paper to get ICO to tens of millions and hundreds of millions of funds.

ICO is another evolutionary version of crowdfunding. There are many types of crowdfunding, equity-based crowdfunding, property rights crowdfunding, equity crowdfunding, product crowdfunding, and public welfare crowdfunding. However, no matter what kind of crowdfunding, in recent years, it has encountered bottlenecks in development and the market has been declining (according to third-party statistics, in May 2017, the crowdfunding platform closed down 25, and the crowdfunding investment dropped by nearly 25%). If the ICO is also classified as crowdfunding, then he is a type of equity crowdfunding. Different from traditional equity crowdfunding, ICO has very good liquidity. After the project completes the ICO, it can immediately issue equity certificates (tokens) through the blockchain, which can be traded on major digital asset exchanges, so investors who participate in ICO can withdraw at any time. Equivalent to a company directly listing in this form, issuing "stocks." Of course, this "stock" is only circulating in private channels.

To give a fictional example: Tencent's "Glory of the Kings" team came out to start a business, to be a new game called "Cosmic Hegemony". Ma Yun and Li Yanhong took a lot of money to vote for them, but they refused, they did not want to be controlled. So they launched ICO on the website and raised 500 million for game development and operation, anyone can invest. As the team's resume shines, it will be raised in 3 seconds and 500 million yuan. Then the team issued a total of 600 million "cosmic coins" through the blockchain technology (one of which is reserved by the 100 million team), and the people involved in the crowdfunding will receive the corresponding "cosmic coins" according to the amount invested. Cosmocoin has its own dedicated wallet (like Bitcoin) that can be freely circulated and traded. With the “Cosmic Coins” launched by major digital asset exchanges at home and abroad, the price of “Cosmic Coins” has soared to 100-200 yuan as the game of “Cosmic Hegemony” continues to be popular. Don't write it later, please ask the reader to think about the development company of "Cosmic Hegemony", and the need to go to Nasdaq?